What is the hallmark of Type IV hypersensitivity?

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Study for the NBME Immunology Test. Study with flashcards and multiple choice questions, each question includes hints and explanations. Prepare to excel!

Multiple Choice

What is the hallmark of Type IV hypersensitivity?

Explanation:
Type IV hypersensitivity is a T cell–mediated, delayed-type immune reaction. After prior sensitization, T cells recognize the antigen and release cytokines that recruit and activate macrophages, causing tissue damage that typically appears 24–72 hours after exposure. This response does not rely on antibodies. Examples include the tuberculin skin test and contact dermatitis. The other types involve antibodies: an immediate reaction driven by IgE is Type I; antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is Type II; and immune complex deposition is Type III.

Type IV hypersensitivity is a T cell–mediated, delayed-type immune reaction. After prior sensitization, T cells recognize the antigen and release cytokines that recruit and activate macrophages, causing tissue damage that typically appears 24–72 hours after exposure. This response does not rely on antibodies. Examples include the tuberculin skin test and contact dermatitis.

The other types involve antibodies: an immediate reaction driven by IgE is Type I; antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity is Type II; and immune complex deposition is Type III.

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